Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order 1954
Topic: Special Provisions, Scheduled and Tribal Areas · NCERT: Class 11, Ch 7 "Federalism"
Meaning
This was a presidential order made under Article 370 in 1954. A presidential order is a formal order issued by the President. It was issued with the concurrence (formal agreement) of the Jammu and Kashmir government. Under Article 370, most parts of the Indian Constitution reached J&K only through such orders. The 1954 order extended Indian citizenship, most Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court's jurisdiction (its power to hear cases) and most of the Union List to the state. It is also known as C.O. 48. It also added Article 35A, which let the state legislature decide who counted as a "permanent resident". Later orders extended more of the Constitution. The 1954 order stayed the main legal link between India and J&K until the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order 2019 replaced it.
Example
Article 35A came into the Constitution through this 1954 order, not through an amendment under Article 368. It let J&K keep state jobs, the right to buy land, settlement and scholarships for its permanent residents. It stopped applying in August 2019.
Don't confuse with
- Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order 2019 (C.O. 272): the 1954 order extended the Constitution to J&K only in part. The 2019 order applied all of it and replaced the 1954 order.