Laïcité
Also called: Laicite · Topic: Secularism: Western and Indian Models · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
Laïcité is France's "assertive" (strong, active) form of secularism. It is based on the law of 9 December 1905, which separated churches and the state. The French Republic recognises no religion and gives money to none. Religion is kept out of public institutions, such as state schools, even when this limits how people dress.
Example
In 2004, France banned conspicuous religious symbols in state schools. In 2010 it banned face coverings in public. A 2021 law dealt with respect for the principles of the Republic, and in 2023 the abaya (a long loose robe) was banned in schools. India works differently: under Art. 30(2) it may give aid to minority schools.
Don't confuse with
- Indian model of secularism (principled distance): the Indian state keeps a distance from all religions but may help them or step in, depending on what best serves freedom and equality. Laïcité keeps religion firmly out of public life.
- Kemalist secularism: Turkey's forced suppression of religion, which included changing the script and the calendar.