National emergency of 1971
Topic: Emergency Provisions and President's Rule · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
The national emergency of 1971 was India's second proclamation under Article 352. It was made on 3 December 1971, during the war with Pakistan, on the ground of external aggression. It matters because it was never withdrawn after the war and stayed in force for more than five years.
Example
When the third emergency was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 on the ground of "internal disturbance", the 1971 emergency was still in force. The two ran side by side, which Article 352(9), added by the 38th Amendment (1975), allowed. Both were revoked in March 1977.
Don't confuse with
- The 1975 emergency: it was an internal emergency based on "internal disturbance". The 1971 emergency was an external one based on war.