Examine how economic security cooperation between India and Japan addresses vulnerabilities in critical technology and mineral supply chains.

Supply-chain concentration in a single geography exposes both economies to coercion and disruption. The 16th Annual Summit (July 2026) Joint Declaration on Economic Security Cooperation — spanning semiconductors, critical minerals, ICT, clean energy and pharmaceuticals — directly targets these vulnerabilities [1].

Critical technology supply chains

• Semiconductors: agreement to strengthen and diversify manufacturing, research and design, welcoming Japanese firms under India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 and SEZs, building on the existing MoC on semiconductor supply chains [1][2].
• Emerging tech: inaugural AI Strategic Dialogue and a Letter of Intent on quantum technologies deepen cooperation in AI, supercomputing and advanced materials — reducing reliance on untrusted vendors [1][2].
• ICT and talent: two-way talent mobility and academic collaboration address the skills bottleneck underlying tech resilience [2].

Mineral supply chains

• Technical cooperation between the Geological Survey of India and Japan's JOGMEC to co-develop critical-mineral resources [2].
• A joint e-waste collection and recycling ecosystem to recover critical minerals domestically, cutting import dependence [2].

Enabling framework

• Accelerated CEPA review and progress toward the 10-trillion-Yen investment target channel capital into resilient production [1].

These measures reduce single-source dependence but remain nascent; realising them needs speed in project execution and complementarity with Quad and G7 diversification efforts. Anchored in trust and shared democratic values, the partnership offers India a credible path to de-risked, secure supply chains supporting Atmanirbhar Bharat and a stable Indo-Pacific.