Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah, replies to the discussion in the Lok Sabha on the efforts to free the country from Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)

1. At a Glance

2. Why in the News

3. Background & Evolution

4. Core Static Facts

5. Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Internal Security / Strategic - Police stations reporting Naxal incidents fell 350 → 60 [S4]. - Inter-state coordination meetings of DGPs/ADGPs from CG/AP/TG/MP/MH/JH/OD institutionalised [S5]. - Forward Operating Bases (FOBs), CRPF/CoBRA + state forces, drones and tech-grid have shrunk Maoist core areas to Bastar-Abujhmad belt.

Developmental / Administrative - Saturation strategy: roads (RCPLWEA), mobile towers, banking correspondents, Eklavya schools, electricity in erstwhile "liberated zones" [S2]. - SRE funds also cover surrender-cum-rehabilitation of cadres [S2].

Legal / Constitutional - UAPA designation of CPI(Maoist); Article 355 (Union duty to protect states) and Schedule VII (Public Order — State List) make LWE a federal cooperation problem. - PESA, 1996 and FRA, 2006 critical to address tribal-rights grievances feeding the movement.

Ideological (per Shah's reply) - Shah's thesis: LWE is ideology-driven, not development-driven; rejects the "root-cause-is-poverty" framework [S1]. - Linked CPI's foundation to "ideology of another country"; cited a 1969 Presidential election episode as ruling-party legitimisation of Left ideology [S1].

Social / Tribal - LWE belt overlaps Schedule V tribal areas; surrender + rehab + skilling targets disengaged cadres; victims' kin support via SRE [S2].

6. Recent Developments (last 12-18 months)

7. Prelims Hooks

8. Mains Relevance

9. Related Topics to Study Next

10. Common Errors / Trap Areas

11. Sources

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