Anand pattern
Also called: Anand model, Amul model · Topic: Rural Development: Diversification, Allied Sectors and Organic Farming · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
The Anand pattern is a three-tier cooperative structure for dairying. A cooperative is a group of people who join voluntarily, own the body together and take decisions together. Under this pattern, village dairy cooperative societies collect milk, district milk unions process it, and a state federation markets it. Milk producers own the structure, and professional managers run it. Farmers get an assured market and a fair price, without middlemen. Many states copied the pattern under Operation Flood.
Example
In Gujarat, the chain runs from village society to district union to state federation. The state federation is GCMMF (1973), which markets the AMUL brand. AMUL itself began in 1946 in Anand district.
Don't confuse with
- Operation Flood: this was the national programme (launched in 1970) that spread the Anand pattern and built a national milk grid. The Anand pattern is the organisational model, not the programme.