Cartography
Topic: Maps and Map Scale · NCERT: Class 11, Ch 1 "Introduction to Maps"
Meaning
Cartography is the art, science and technology of making maps. It also covers studying and using maps. It is an art because a map must look clear and pleasing. It is a science because it needs exact measurement. It is a technology because maps are now made with computers, satellite images and GIS (Geographic Information System, software that stores and shows map data in layers). A cartographer (map maker) decides the scale first, then the projection, generalisation and design, and finally produces the map.
Example
The Survey of India, based in Dehradun, does cartography for the whole country. It surveys the land and makes topographical maps at 1:250,000, 1:50,000 and 1:25,000.
Don't confuse with
- Surveying: surveying measures the land on the ground to collect data. Cartography turns that data into a finished map.