Spur
Topic: Topographical Maps: Relief Representation and Interpretation · NCERT: Class 11, Ch 5 "Topographical Maps"
Meaning
A spur is a tongue of high land that sticks out from a hill or mountain into lower ground. It is usually found between two valleys. On a topographical map, it shows as V-shaped contours with the apex (the tip of the V) pointing towards lower ground. This is the reverse of a valley, where the V points to higher ground. Spurs often make good sites for paths and settlements, because they are drier and give wide views.
Example
Darjeeling in West Bengal is built along a ridge and its spurs in the lower Himalaya. Its houses and roads follow the high ground, with valleys falling away on either side.
Don't confuse with
- V-shaped valley: its V-shaped contours point upstream, towards higher ground, and the innermost contour has the lowest value. On a spur, the V points downhill, towards lower ground.