Austria-Hungary
Also called: Dual Monarchy, Ausgleich 1867 · Topic: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
Austria-Hungary, also called the Dual Monarchy, was the Habsburg state created by the compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867. The Habsburg emperor ruled Austria and Hungary as two kingdoms. Each had its own parliament, but they shared foreign policy, the army and finance. The compromise gave the Hungarians (Magyars) more self-rule. Many other subject peoples, such as Czechs, Slovaks, Croats and Poles, still had no state of their own. Its rivalry in the Balkans helped lead to the First World War, and it broke up in 1918.
Example
In 1867, after defeat by Prussia, the Habsburg emperor Franz Joseph accepted the Ausgleich. He was crowned King of Hungary while remaining Emperor of Austria.
Don't confuse with
- Habsburg Empire before 1867: it was ruled from Vienna as one patchwork empire. Its peoples were held together only by loyalty to the emperor, and Hungary had no separate equal status.
Related concepts
- Imperialism
- Balkan problem
- Ottoman Empire
- Sick man of Europe
- Eastern Question
- Crimean War
- Congress of Berlin 1878
- Pan-Slavism
- Young Turks
- Balkan Wars 1912-1913