Development-induced displacement
Topic: Citizenship: Idea and Indian Law · NCERT: Class 11, Ch 6 "Citizenship"
Meaning
Development-induced displacement happens when people lose their homes, land and livelihoods to projects such as dams, mines or tourism. It hits tribal people and forest dwellers hardest, because they depend on the land and forests for their living. Their struggles are claims to full and equal citizenship. Legal responses in India include the Forest Rights Act 2006 and the LARR Act 2013 on land acquisition and rehabilitation.
Example
Dams on the Narmada displaced many villages and led to a long protest movement. The Niyamgiri hills dispute (2013) involved tribal communities resisting a mining project on their land.
Don't confuse with
- Internal migration: this is people choosing to move within the country, usually for work. In displacement, people are forced out by a project.