Freedom of conscience
Also called: Article 25(1) · Topic: Fundamental Rights and Constitutional Remedies · NCERT: Class 11, Ch 2 "Rights in the Indian Constitution"
Meaning
Freedom of conscience is the inner freedom to hold any belief, or none at all. It is part of Article 25(1), which also gives the right to profess (openly declare), practise and propagate (spread) religion. It belongs to every person, not only citizens. Like all of Articles 25-28, it is subject to public order, morality and health.
Example
An atheist and a devout believer are equally protected. The State cannot make either of them hold or give up a belief.
Don't confuse with
- Right to propagate religion: this is the outward right to spread one's beliefs. It does not include a right to convert others. Freedom of conscience is about what a person believes inside.
Related concepts
- Freedom of religion
- Right to propagate religion
- Rev. Stainislaus case
- Anti-conversion laws
- State regulation of religious practice
- Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Religious denomination
- Freedom from taxes for promotion of religion
- Freedom as to religious instruction
- Cultural and educational rights