Over ₹4.09 Lakh Crore Disbursed to Farmers under PM-KISAN through 21 Installments since Launch

1. At a Glance

2. Why in the News

3. Background & Evolution

4. Core Static Facts

5. Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Economic - Pure income transfer (non-asset, non-input-linked) — improves liquidity, reduces dependence on informal credit [S1]. - Beneficiary base ~9–11 crore farmer families; per-family transfer modest (₹6,000) vs farm input cost inflation [S2].

Administrative / Governance - Demonstrates DBT scale: Aadhaar + PFMS + IT-Dept linkage eliminates intermediaries [S1][S3]. - Continuous ineligible-beneficiary audits; recovery proceedings against tax-payee recipients [S3]. - States/UTs responsible for beneficiary identification and verification — federal coordination crucial.

Social - Universal among land-holders (post-2019 expansion) — excludes tenant farmers, landless labourers, sharecroppers (key equity gap). - Women landowners explicitly eligible; gender data available on PM-KISAN portal.

Legal / Constitutional - Agriculture is a State subject (List II, Entry 14); Centre uses Article 282 spending power for the Central Sector Scheme. - Not backed by a dedicated statute — purely executive scheme.

Ethical - Exclusion of tenants/landless undermines distributive justice; benefits accrue to title-holders. - Data privacy concerns from Aadhaar-PFMS-IT linkage.

6. Recent Developments (last 12–18 months)

7. Prelims Hooks

8. Mains Relevance

Probable stems: 1. "PM-KISAN represents a paradigm shift from input-subsidy to direct income support. Critically evaluate its design, reach, and equity gaps." (GS-III, 250 words) 2. "DBT has eliminated intermediaries but not exclusion errors. Discuss with reference to PM-KISAN." (GS-II, 150 words) 3. "Should income-support schemes like PM-KISAN cover tenant farmers and landless agricultural labourers? Examine." (GS-III, 250 words)

9. Related Topics to Study Next

10. Common Errors / Trap Areas

11. Sources

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