Holy Alliance 1815
Topic: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
The Holy Alliance was a pact signed in 1815. Tsar Alexander I of Russia proposed it, and it was signed by the rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia. The monarchs promised to rule by Christian principles of justice, charity and peace. In practice, it became a symbol of conservative kings joining hands against liberal and national movements.
Example
In September 1815, after Napoleon's final defeat, Alexander I, the Austrian emperor Francis I and the Prussian king Frederick William III signed the pact. Britain refused to join because the pact was vague and religious in tone.
Don't confuse with
- Concert of Europe: a wider system of congresses among the great powers, including Britain, to keep the balance of power after 1815. The Holy Alliance was only a promise among three monarchs.
- Treaty of Vienna (1815): the peace settlement that redrew Europe's map. The Holy Alliance did not change any borders.