Muhammad Iqbal
Also called: Allama Iqbal · Topic: The National Movement: Gandhian Era · NCERT: Class 10, Ch 2 "Nationalism in India"
Meaning
Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) was a great poet and thinker who wrote in Urdu and Persian. In 1930 he was president of the Muslim League. In his presidential speech he defended separate electorates, meaning that Muslim voters would choose Muslim members in their own separate constituencies. He also called for a "Muslim India within India", a Muslim-majority region in the north-west that would run itself. Later, this speech was treated as the main idea behind the demand for Pakistan.
Example
He gave the address at the Muslim League's Allahabad session in 1930. Earlier, he had written the patriotic song "Saare Jahan Se Achha".
Don't confuse with
- Choudhary Rahmat Ali: he invented the name "Pakistan" in 1933. Iqbal spoke of a self-governing Muslim region inside India, not a separate country by that name.
Related concepts
- All India Kisan Sabha
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- FICCI
- G.D. Birla
- Jamnalal Bajaj
- All India Trade Union Congress
- Communist Party of India
- Meerut conspiracy case
- Women in the civil disobedience movement
- Women's Indian Association