Dyarchy
Also called: Diarchy · Topic: Making of the Constitution: Constituent Assembly, Sources and Salient Features · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
Dyarchy means "dual government", or rule by two. The Government of India Act 1919 (the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms) brought it into the provinces. Provincial subjects were split into two groups. Transferred subjects were run by Indian ministers answerable to the legislature. Reserved subjects stayed with the British Governor and his executive council.
Example
Under the 1919 Act, education, public health and local self-government were transferred subjects. Law and order, finance and land revenue were reserved subjects. So the important powers stayed in British hands.
Don't confuse with
- Provincial autonomy (1935 Act): the Government of India Act 1935 replaced dyarchy in the provinces with provincial autonomy. The 1935 Act also planned dyarchy at the Centre, but it was never brought in.
Related concepts
- Government of India Act 1919
- Government of India Act 1935
- Constitution of India Bill 1895
- Nehru Report
- Karachi Resolution
- Sapru Committee