Logistics & Infrastructure — PM Gati Shakti, Sagarmala, Bharatmala for UPSC
The Gati Shakti National Master Plan (2021) + National Logistics Policy (2022) aim to cut logistics cost from ~13–14% to ~8% of GDP — examiners love the institutional architecture (Network Planning Group, 16 ministries, ULIP platform). Sagarmala (ports-led development, 4 pillars) and Bharatmala Pariyojana (NH corridors, Phase-I 34,800 km) recur as match-list traps with Setu Bharatam, Parvatmala, and the Dedicated Freight Corridors.
GS areas: Economy